One in five gay men and bisexuals in the 21 major U.S. cities are infected with HIV, and half of them do not know, said the country's health officials said Thursday.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that young men, especially blacks, are the least know if they have contracted the virus."For young men who have sex with others, including blacks who are the least aware they are infected, the future is truly at stake," he said in a statement Jonathan Mermin, director of the division of HIV prevention / CDC AIDS, gays and HIV.
Mermin said that "it is important to reach this group with early prevention services and HIV testing, and continue offering these vital services as they grow older."The study was the evidence of this disease in 8,153 men who had sex with other men in 21 cities as part of National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System 2008,gays and HIV. which examined the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and its spread awareness among this group of men.
HIV in U.S.
The results found that 28% of black men who have sex with men were infected with HIV, compared with 18% of Hispanics and 26% of whites.The rate of HIV among this group of men is strongly affected by reason of education and income gays and HIV., which, according to the authors, the lower socio-economic status of the person most likely is that they have HIV.Age is also an important factor in whether men know they are infected with HIV. Among infected men aged 18 to 29 years, 63% did not know, compared with 37% of men over 30 years.This is particularly disturbing because the CDC estimated that STIs are transmitted mostly by people who are unaware they are infected gays and HIV..Mermin said the results show that HIV remains a serious problem in the United States and called for a commitment on the part of national efforts to protect the health of gay men.
The dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes
In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Agency (FDA, for its acronym in English) analyzed several brands of these e-cigarettes and warned of the presence of carcinogenic substances (nitrosamines, for example) and toxic (such as diethylene glycol, an antifreeze ). All this, not to mention nicotine, according to Juan Antonio Riesco Miranda, vice president of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), not always is reflected in the composition of the charges and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes.
Indeed, just over a week, the FDA took a step further and warned five companies that manufacture these devices, it accuses of breaking the law: "They make unsubstantiated claims and rely on inadequate manufacturing practices." And the calls to "cooperate with the agency to ensure that these devices are safe and effective in their use they are trying to give and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes."
Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes
The World Health Organization (WHO) also seems to go with the fly behind the ear, since two years ago warned that there is still no evidence to prove the safety or effectiveness of these e-cigarettes. In fact, barred claim are used as an aid to stop smoking. They would have to be supported by scientific and comply with legislation governing the rest of approved products for this purpose (gum, patches, tablets nicotine and drugs).
In Spain, explains Dr. Riesco, a specialist in smoking, "the manufacturers of these products are benefiting from a loophole that the Administration should take into account." In fact, are not regulated as drugs or as medical devices and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes.
In a similar vein to that of the FDA and WHO, the pulmonologist emphasizes that "the data are very contradictory, do not know the substances they contain and therefore can not predict its effects." In fact, at present, there are few scientific papers that evaluate the pros and cons of these electronic cigarettes. One of the most recent, published in Nicotine and Tobacco Research, points out that when smoking them, users need to suck harder. But there are not enough data to clarify if this action is or is not harmful and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes.
In addition to ignorance about their safety, smoking cessation specialists to help emphasize its ineffectiveness against tobacco. "They have a negative impact on prevención.No only closely resemble cigarettes but maintain the same gesture is done by smoking, which did not help at all," said the member of the SEPAR. And claims that are not regulated as an aid in quitting and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes. "For that there are treatments that have low price-the e-cigarette range from 40 to 60 euros, and that have a scientific endorsement," he adds.
The World Health Organization (WHO) also seems to go with the fly behind the ear, since two years ago warned that there is still no evidence to prove the safety or effectiveness of these e-cigarettes. In fact, barred claim are used as an aid to stop smoking. They would have to be supported by scientific and comply with legislation governing the rest of approved products for this purpose (gum, patches, tablets nicotine and drugs).
In Spain, explains Dr. Riesco, a specialist in smoking, "the manufacturers of these products are benefiting from a loophole that the Administration should take into account." In fact, are not regulated as drugs or as medical devices and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes.
In addition to ignorance about their safety, smoking cessation specialists to help emphasize its ineffectiveness against tobacco. "They have a negative impact on prevención.No only closely resemble cigarettes but maintain the same gesture is done by smoking, which did not help at all," said the member of the SEPAR. And claims that are not regulated as an aid in quitting and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes. "For that there are treatments that have low price-the e-cigarette range from 40 to 60 euros, and that have a scientific endorsement," he adds.
Electronic cigarettes
Although there may be marketed under this claim, the fact is that most users often buy so, if not to abandon it, to reduce the consumption of tabaco.Una intention translates into a marked increase in sales. and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes Or so it recognizes a pharmaceutical Madrid highlights the success of the product that is exposed on the counter.
Smoke-free spaces are another potential use of these fake cigarettes. Manufacturers stress that can be used where it is not allowed light up a cigarette and, with it, cope better with the monkey. But how that is accomplished if some say they do not contain nicotine? "We do not know what real power is back. But it is clear that it is confusing to the public, "Riesco complaint Electronic cigarettes.
Although there may be marketed under this claim, the fact is that most users often buy so, if not to abandon it, to reduce the consumption of tabaco.Una intention translates into a marked increase in sales. and the Dangers of smoking electronic cigarettes Or so it recognizes a pharmaceutical Madrid highlights the success of the product that is exposed on the counter.
Smoke-free spaces are another potential use of these fake cigarettes. Manufacturers stress that can be used where it is not allowed light up a cigarette and, with it, cope better with the monkey. But how that is accomplished if some say they do not contain nicotine? "We do not know what real power is back. But it is clear that it is confusing to the public, "Riesco complaint Electronic cigarettes.
Restless sleep to dementia
REM sleep and Dementia.
A team of researchers at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona has just presented a method to determine, through a combination of two neuroimaging techniques, which of these people with sleep disorders are more likely to have Parkinson's, Lewy body dementia (a bad that produces paranoid delusions) or multiple system atrophy (a rare condition that affects mobility and bodily functions) the REM sleep and Dementia.. These degenerative diseases like himself REM sleep disorder, usually affecting men older than 60 years.
REM sleep and Dementia
The researchers, led by Dr. Alex Iranzo, Neurology Service Clinic, have continued for two and a half years a group of 43 patients with REM disorder, with an average of 70 years of age. Eight of them (ie about 30%) have developed at this time a neurodegenerative disease. And all these, according to results published by the Lancet Neurology (http://www.thelancet.com/) had shown in testing at baseline, low levels of dopamine, a hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain and whose absence is the main cause of Parkinson's.
Wait for new therapies.
Restless sleep to dementia
The hope of this researcher is that, from here to that time, have developed new treatments that can control the disease since its first manifestations. But "for now, and unfortunately, the only thing we can do is to follow patients with more mime, watch rather than a microscope lens, and begin treatment sooner," says the researcher the REM sleep and Dementia..
The test consists of an ultrasound [transcranial sonography TCS] and CT [photon emission, or SPECT], seeking weaknesses of dopamine in two brain regions: the 'estratium' and 'black substance'. Up to 27 patients with sleep disorders (63%) showed alterations in some of these tests, that would be part of group at risk the REM sleep and Dementia.. Some of them, according to the study's authors fear, may join in the coming years to the eight that have already developed a neurodegenerative disease: five with Parkinson's disease, dementia and a two multiple system atrophy.
Other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, are not related to REM disorder and are beyond the scope of this investigation. Despite the low number of people studied, the authors believe their results are about the possibility of detecting patients at risk, "definitive." "What we do now," says Iranzo, "this group is to follow long term the REM sleep and Dementia.."
Internet effects on the brain
"Where do we go head, I asked the taxi driver with the accent typical worker from east London. You will specify the address."No problem. Let me introduce the satellite coordinates into my browser ..."
It sounds inappropriate, even fraud, than any driver in London that claims it can utter those words.After all, the ability of London taxi drivers to know every nook and shortcuts in the British capital is legendary and the Internet effects on the brain.
Is still required to overcome a tough test, called "The Knowledge" before launching into the streets of London.
Internet effects on the brain
But with lower prices and the reliability of satellite navigation technology, an expert warns that we could lose our intellectual capacity to remember large amounts of information, such as the most difficult routes in the capital and the Internet effects on the brain..
"The region of our brain that stores images of the space is quite developed in London taxi drivers," said Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains (Surface water: what the Internet is doing to our brains "."The longer your life working as a taxi driver, the larger is that part of your brain."Gareth Carr Mitchell told the World Service program on BBC radio, Digital Planet, a study has revealed that it is worrying how technology is affecting taxi drivers and the Internet effects on the brain.."Almost certainly we will see a decrease or even disappearance, of that special quality in their brains."
However, it could be argued that having a global positioning system (GPS acronym) that can save months of study to pass "The Knowledge", and make our trip much easier, is very positive and the Internet effects on the brain..
Not so, according to Carr's technology, especially internet, has a lasting effect on our brain, disrupting our ability to perform certain tasks.
Internet and the Brain
In his view, the simpler become websites like Google, the less able we are to learn and the Internet effects on the brain..
"The (study) met more interesting people who had no experience in using the network to which they were asked to use Google only for an hour a day, and begin to search and navigate."
The key to staying focused, says Carr, is perhaps the hardest things to them, just the opposite of what they intend to software designers around the world competing to make their programs easier to use than its rivals.
"In many ways I admire Google, but I think we have a very limited view about how we should use our minds."
"They have this machine vision that everything revolves around the most efficient way to find the information you need and the Internet effects on the brain.."
Adding that this also applies to projects like Google Books, designed to bring knowledge to a wide audience and to the world's knowledge more accessible.
"Scan only part of the books with the idea of becoming more content to its search engine."What prevails is the idea of the information supplied in pieces, as anecdotal evidence and the Internet effects on the brain.. When you go to a page from Google Books not you get into a lengthy narrative. "
"Short-circuit in our brain"
In his book, Carr cites an article by commentator Bill Thompson technology that describes a simple experiment in which a puzzle to be solved using a computer program. The researchers gave half the participants a "good" program that gave them clues, was intuitive and helped them to achieve their goal.
The other half tried to overcome the same test but with a software program that do not put things easier.
"People who had less friendly software with the user had to struggle to solve the riddle and thus learned much more than those who had the program manageable," said Carr and the Internet effects on the brain..Months later, the people who solved the puzzle with uncooperative software still remembering how to fix it, unlike the group that was available to the program that helped them. "Carr concludes that this simple experiment indicates that as software becomes more user friendly, putting things easier, we risk losing the ability to learn things, "shorting" in our brain.
"If we consider that we are increasingly reliant on software for all types of intellectual tasks, from searching for information, to our socialization, we should start to worry that every time we have less space, as individuals, to act our own and the Internet effects on the brain.. "
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