Schizophrenia because of sexual abuse

Anxiety, depression, substance abuse, posttraumatic stress ... Some of the documented mental illness in children who suffer sexual abuse. Unfortunately, this long list should be more disorders: psychosis or schizophrenia. We just confirmed a new research conducted by Australian scientists. Margaret Cutajar, Monash University, is lead author of the essay in 2759 which involved child victims of sexual abuse when they were under 16 years and have been compared with 4,938 other individuals Schizophrenia causes.
.

In all examined the rate of psychiatric illness. Over a period of 30 years, those who had experienced abuse in childhood had a higher prevalence of psychotic disorders (2.8%) and schizophrenia (1.9%) than the control group (1.4% and 0, 7% repectivamente).
A relevant work, published in the latest Archives of General Psychiatry, is referred to the risk of developing these disorders was even higher in children who suffered penetration, whether with an object or the penis, for such abuses and the Schizophrenia causes.


Schizophrenia because of sexual abuse

Moreover, "the child rape in adolescence (between 12 and 16 years) have a 15 times higher risk of developing psychosis compared with the general population," the researchers said. They argue that, according to these data, "the victims should receive medical and social care supported by the knowledge that they have a higher risk of developing psychotic illness Schizophrenia causes.
. This treatment should focus on improving its current performance and adaptation to requirements of the transition from adolescence to adulthood, "they say. This approach should benefit all victims, regardless of whether or not they more likely to have schizophrenia. "

Schizophrenia causes


This finding adds to other research, published in the latest American Journal of Preventive Medicine ', with 70,000 women who suffered physical or sexual abuse before 18 years, finds a clear association between the abuse and increased risk of diabetes type 2 in adults Schizophrenia causes.
.

The effects of alcohol are more harmful than crack and heroin

Alcohol is more harmful than heroin and crack if it is considered in a combined manner that causes injury to consumers and the people around him, according to a study published today in the medical journal The Lancet.
The report, written by two former British government advisers, David Nutt and Leslie King, aims to develop more effective state policies to mitigate the social impact of addictive substances, including snuff was also included.
The task is not easy given the wide range of harmful effects that drugs can have on consumers and their environment, as the authors explain in the preface of the investigation. A previous study led by Nutt in 2007 caused controversy by establishing nine main criteria of harm, since the intrinsic evil of drugs to health care costs it generates, each with an equal weight in the final evaluation evaluative and the effects of alcohol.

For best results, this study used the so-called Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), a technique that has been used successfully to advise the authorities on issues with many edges as the storage of nuclear waste.

Alcohol Effects

Nine of the criteria used in this study had to do with the harm that drugs cause in the individual and seven to the damage caused to others, all of which were divided into five subgroups related to the physical, psychological and social and the effects of alcohol..
The substances were rated from 0 to 100, with 100 being the maximum level of damage in each specific criterion. The nine categories of harm to the individual were mortality due to direct consumption, consumption-related mortality, direct damage due to consumption, damage from consumption, dependency, mental disability because of consumption, loss of skills of perception, damage personal relationships and injuries.

Alcohol, crack and heroin

The seven categories of injury to others were: crime, family conflict, damage to the surrounding environment, damage to society as a whole, low cost and deterioration of community cohesion and the effects of alcohol..
Taking all these matters into account, alcohol scored 72, followed by heroin (55) and crack (54).
The other drugs were crystal methamphetamine (33), cocaine (27), snuff (26), amphetamines (23), cannabis (20), gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (18), benzodiazepines (15), ketamine (15) , methadone (14), mefedrona (13), butane (10), khat (9), ecstasy (9), anabolic steroids (9), LSD (7), buprenorphine (6) and fungi (5).
With these results, the study's authors emphasized that the alcohol, besides being the most harmful drugs in general, is almost three times more harmful than cocaine and snuff and the effects of alcohol..

The authors noted that heroin, crack and crystal methamphetamine were the most harmful substances for the individual who takes them, while alcohol, heroin and crack led the list of the most damaging to the immediate environment.
Professor Nutt, who resigned a few months ago from his position as adviser to the British Government on drug issues after saying that ecstasy was less dangerous than horseback riding, defended the classification model, recalling that is the most accurate known to now to these issues and the effects of alcohol.
"Finding the necessary counterweight is crucial in influencing the overall results. This process must necessarily be based on estimates and opinions, so that the best way of doing this is based on the consensus of a group of experts working in a together, "she said.

Approve the use of Botox for chronic migraines

Botulinum toxin or Botox is popular for its skin rejuvenating results, just received approval from U.S. authorities as a treatment for chronic migraines. Two studies sponsored by Allergan, the California company that sells the product, have convinced experts that some people with asthma can see significantly reduced the number of days they suffered severe headaches.

The results of studies in any case, also indicate that other patients will not benefit at all from the toxin, and even a small possibility that it is counterproductive. However, experts believe that the botox is beneficial as a treatment within the range of options that neurologists often combine to try to help these people use Botox for headache..
"It seems reasonable that has been approved for chronic migraine," he stated to Dr. Jesús Porta, Hospital Clinico San Carlos in Madrid. This neurologist reports that some patients experience a "dramatic improvement" after trying the treatment, while others "does virtually nothing." In any case, it applies only in Spain today through special protocols, a limitation that "should change", according to Porta.

Use of Botox for chronic migraines
Chronic migraine, according to the definition that has been fed American account of the drug agency (FDA), is one that produces at least 15 days a month for four or more hours a day use Botox for headache.. In this regard, although the beneficial results of the study are discrete, it has been considered that the drug could represent for many people the difference between going to school or work normally, or simply be unable to do so.Botox therapy for chronic migraines is applied every few months (three to six), with a total of between 21 and 31 punctures around the head with fine needles for each treatment. "It hurts a little," Porta says, "but not much." Of course, it has to do always a doctor, in this case a neurologist use Botox for headache.

Botox for headache
The studies submitted to the FDA, one conducted in the U.S. and one in Europe, received more than 1,300 volunteers for six months. After this time, patients who had used Botox had been reported that, on average, between 7.8 and 9.2 fewer days of headache per month. Those who had taken placebo (a sugar pill with no medical effects) also showed a profit, but lower: between 6.4 and 6.9 days les use Botox for headache.s.

U.S. judge cancer risk of hormone therapy

The U.S. Supreme Court has accepted the claims of 123 women against Pfizer alleging that they used hormone therapy to relieve symptoms of menopause was supposedly the cause of breast cancer sufferers.

The Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by Pfizer and has given the green light for women with breast cancer and the families of those who died sue the company and other manufacturers of these drugs to the Minnesota state court and the cancer and the hormone theraphy.

The plaintiffs and their families allege that the victims developed breast cancer as a result of hormonal replacement therapy is widely prescribed in the nineties to combat the symptoms of menopause.

Cancer and the hormone therapy

A federal judge had dismissed the claims of 116 of the 123 plaintiffs, alleging that it improperly joined claims. However, the federal appeals court reversed this decision, arguing that the drug maker has not shown that plaintiffs were improperly joined and the cancer and the hormone theraphy..
The high court rejected without comment the appeal of Pfizer on behalf of U.S. drugmaker Wyeth, manufacturer of the drug and pharmaceutical merged with last year.
In 2002, the prestigious firm of Women's Health Initiative (WHI) showed that hormonal treatment with estrogen and progestin was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and some cancers.

Cancer Hormone Cure

In this essay on the effects of hormone replacement therapy involving 16,000 postmenopausal women who had to discontinue treatment when detected an increased risk of invasive breast cancer among those taking a cocktail of hormones.
In fact, U.S. health officials attribute the drop in breast cancer cases that the U.S. has in recent years to the discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy.